Allow '.' character in input/output IDs

I always thought dots and colons were illegal in HTML ID attributes,
but I was wrong. They are legal and because they are commonly used
in identifier names in R, Shiny users often like to use them. Worse,
Shiny gave no warnings when using dots and only a pretty advanced
subset of functionality would NOT work when using dots, causing
everyone to think they were fully supported in Shiny.

This commit ought to bring reality in line with perception. It turns
out that jQuery has an escaping scheme in its queries that allow us
to support dots after all. As long as we are always careful to
surround IDs with $escape when putting them in a query, we'll be in
good shape.

Colons will probably still cause problems at the moment because we
use colons internally to separate input type from input name. But
we've never seen users try to use colon in IDs before, so we can
wait to fix it until that becomes a problem.
It's important to return values in JS. heh.
Wrap for= value in double quotes
Proper escaping of name, value, and type queries
Merge pull request #418 from jcheng5/allow-dots

Allow '.' character in input/output IDs

Fixes #358