Improve color package and add colormaps

* [x] implement `get_color_dict()`
* [x] `LinearGradient` to have a default `x` argument (linearly spaced with `np.arange()`)
* [x] `get_colormaps()` to return the list of color maps
* [x] implement `ColorArray._repr_html_()` to display a color array in the IPython notebook
* [x] implement `nearest` interpolation in NumPy and GLSL
* [x] refactor in different files
* [x] add an example notebook with many colormap examples

![image](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/1942359/5209124/2bac3536-75bb-11e4-92c3-fbcb0354d810.png)

Close #413. Closes #414. Closes #646. To be continued in #648.
Can we loosen this requirement to accept scalars and arrays of any dimension? Example: I have a 3D array of scalars and from that I would like to generate a 4D array of colors for volume display; I would much rather not unravel and re-ravel the array for this operation. Generally the return type should match the input type:

* scalar => (4,) array
* (N,) array => (N,4) array
* (1,N) array => (1,N,4) array