Port some useful documentation from Literate Coffeescript source to README.md

In particular, the parser options are helpful to have here.
Improve README a bit more

* Link to the Transform API
* When staring at the "Stream" section, be clear that it's a Transform stream.
* Let people know the options are documented a bit further below-- keep scrolling.
merge mark contribution #8
Merge branch 'markstos-merge-parsing-docs-into-readme'