Adds unit tests and lint

Adds unit tests for primary functions of demeteorizer as well as a
JSHint `pretest` script as part of the build. Adds configuration for
Travis with node versions 0.8 and 0.10 (this will also run builds
for pull requests - yay).

Adds a `.jshintrc` file for future contributors to use when making
changes. :)

Also includes some stylistic changes (normalization of styles, really),
cleans up the Readme, and adds version and build status badges.
Versions are now tracked using GitHub releases.

Adds the following dev dependencies

* sinon@1.10.3
* jshint@2.5.5
* proxyquire@1.0.1
* should@4.0.4