Use $crate and macro reexport to reduce duplicated code

Many of libstd's macros are now re-exported from libcore and libcollections.
Their libstd definitions have moved to a macros_stage0 module and can disappear
after the next snapshot.

Where the two crates had already diverged, I took the libstd versions as
they're generally newer and better-tested. See e.g. d3c831b, which was a fix to
libstd's assert_eq!() that didn't make it into libcore's.

Fixes #16806.