Add ReadOptions to TransactionLogIterator.

Summary:
Add an optional input parameter ReadOptions to DB::GetUpdateSince(),
which allows the verification of checksums to be disabled by setting
ReadOptions::verify_checksums to false.

Test Plan: Tests are done off-line and will not be included in the regular unit test.

Reviewers: igor

Reviewed By: igor

CC: leveldb, xjin, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16305
Make Log::Reader more robust

Summary:
This diff does two things:
(1) Log::Reader does not report a corruption when the last record in a log or manifest file is truncated (meaning that log writer died in the middle of the write). Inherited the code from LevelDB: https://code.google.com/p/leveldb/source/detail?r=269fc6ca9416129248db5ca57050cd5d39d177c8#
(2) Turn off mmap writes for all writes to log and manifest files

(2) is necessary because if we use mmap writes, the last record is not truncated, but is actually filled with zeros, making checksum fail. It is hard to recover from checksum failing.

Test Plan:
Added unit tests from LevelDB
Actually recovered a "corrupted" MANIFEST file.

Reviewers: dhruba, haobo

Reviewed By: haobo

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16119
Remove the terrible hack in for flush_block_policy_factory

Summary:
Previous code is too convoluted and I must be drunk for letting
such code to be written without a second thought.

Thanks to the discussion with @sdong, I added the `Options` when
generating the flusher, thus avoiding the tricks.

Just FYI: I resisted to add Options in flush_block_policy.h since I
wanted to avoid cyclic dependencies: FlushBlockPolicy dpends on Options
and Options also depends FlushBlockPolicy... While I appreciate my
effort to prevent it, the old design turns out creating more troubles than
it tried to avoid.

Test Plan: ran ./table_test

Reviewers: sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

CC: sdong, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16503
Make the block-based table's index pluggable

Summary:
This patch introduced a new table options that allows us to make
block-based table's index pluggable.

To support that new features:

* Code has been refacotred to be more flexible and supports this option well.
* More documentation is added for the existing obsecure functionalities.
* Big surgeon on DataBlockReader(), where the logic was really convoluted.
* Other small code cleanups.

The pluggablility will mostly affect development of internal modules
and won't change frequently, as a result I intentionally avoid
heavy-weight patterns (like factory) and try to make it simple.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: haobo, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16395
Fix the unit test failure in devbox

Summary:
My last diff was developed in MacOS but in devserver environment error occurs.

I dug into the problem and found the way we calcuate approximate data size is pretty out-of-date. We can use table properties to get more accurate results.

Test Plan: ran ./table_test and passed

Reviewers: igor, dhruba, haobo, sdong

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16509