kmod/core: rename some variables

For the sake of consistency and readability, rename some variables.
Also change func->old_addr_end to func->old_size.
kmod/core: update API and use hash table

My apologies for the size of this commit.  I combined these two features
(updating API and using a hash table) into a single commit because their
implementations are tightly coupled and I didn't want to have to add
support for the old kpatch_funcs array with the new API just for the
sake of splitting up the commit :-)

- Update the core module API to get a more clear separation between core
  module and patch module.  This is cleaner and will help our case for
  getting the core module merged upstream into the kernel.
- Convert the old kpatch_funcs array into a hash table.  This is so much
  nicer performance-wise and everything-else-wise than that ugly old
  array.
- Do the incremental patching in stop machine.  This ensures that the
  funcs hash is up to date and we don't miss anything.
- Disable preemption in the ftrace handler when accessing the func hash.
  That way we don't get conflicts with the stop_machine handler updating
  the hash.