DEC: Discrete Exterior Calculus

This new package adds discrete exterior calculus features to DGtal. It contains:
 
   - new `dec` packages (dec operators, test files, examples, documentation)
   - new `linalg` with linear algebra concepts and backends (Eigen at this point) 

As you would see, this PR, mostly managed by @elcerdo,  is quite huge and some documentation pages are still "work-in-progress". I send a PR just to start including this great package into DGtal and to clean things up thanks to your comments.
I suggest to add a
typedef DiscreteExteriorCalculus<dim, TLinearAlgebraBackend, TInteger> Self;
in class definition, and then write
const LinearOperator<Self, dimension-1 ...> instead everywhere possible