std: Improve docs for atomics. Fix two bugs

This adds lots of docs to the atomics module. Two of the examples
are using the future atomics API and are ignored temporarily.
I discovered a bug in the way AtomicBool's fetch_nand method is
implemented and fixed it by using the correct value for `true`.
I also fixed the implementation of AcqRel fences (it was only doing
a release barrier), and made a "relaxed" fence a failure.