[PM] Fix the const-correctness of the generic DominatorTreeBase to
support notionally const queries even though they may trigger DFS
numbering updates.

The updating of DFS numbers and tracking of slow queries do not mutate
the observable state of the domtree. They should be const to
differentiate them from the APIs which mutate the tree directly to do
incremental updates.

This will make it possible in a world where the DominatorTree is not
a pass but merely the result of running a pass to derive DominatorTree
from the base class as it was originally designed, removing a huge
duplication of API in DominatorTree.