StringConverter: Make value public

The value is now a public member and holds the raw string to convert.
Lists are calculated lazily.
Settings: Prevent passing self as defaults
Settings: throw IndexError on wrong index

This is better because you can just catch index error
and if youre doing something wrong you'll get it.
Rename Outputter to Printer

The Outputters will be introduced later for some more abstract things.
We will have printers on the lower level.
Rename Filter to Analyser

Its not something that filters. Its something that does static code
analysis. So its an analyzer now.
Merge pull request #56 from sils1297/wip/lasse_do_not_touch

StringConverter: Make value public
README: Add more information
Update README.md
i18n: Update translators template
Merge branch 'cleanup' of https://github.com/sils1297/coala into cleanup
printers: Add ColorPrinter interface
PrinterTest: Test also ColorPrinter
Move LOG_LEVEL to output package
Printers: Refactor a bit
ColorPrinter: Add test
Add ConsolePrinter
Collector: Set up files and directory

Collectors should take on the task of collecting target files and
filters.
i18n: Update POT
i18n: Update german translation
Analyzer: Catch exceptions from alien code.