Avoid building as root with `sudo make install`

When running `sudo make install`, we only want to run the actual install
as root, the building of the documentation and the distribution folder
should happen as the non-root user.

Related to #13728.
Add help diagnostic messages

This adds ‘help’ diagnostic messages to rustc. This is used for anything that
provides help to the user, particularly the `--explain` messages that were
previously integrated into the relevant error message.
Fix several issues with the struct and enum representability-checking logic.
Tweak copy and formatting of Tasks guide
bench: Improve the spectralnorm shootout benchmark

This improves the spectralnorm shootout benchmark through a few vectors after
looking at the leading C implementation:

* The simd-based f64x2 is now used to parallelize a few computations
* RWLock usage has been removed. A custom `parallel` function was added as a
  form of stack-based fork-join parallelism. I found that the contention on the
  locks was high as well as hindering other optimizations.

This does, however, introduce one `unsafe` block into the benchmarks, which
previously had none.

In terms of timings, the before and after numbers are:

```
$ time ./shootout-spectralnorm-before
./shootout-spectralnorm-before  2.07s user 0.71s system 324% cpu 0.857 total
$ time ./shootout-spectralnorm-before 5500
./shootout-spectralnorm-before 5500  11.88s user 1.13s system 459% cpu 2.830 total
$ time ./shootout-spectralnorm-after
./shootout-spectralnorm-after  0.58s user 0.01s system 280% cpu 0.210 tota
$ time ./shootout-spectralnorm-after 5500
./shootout-spectralnorm-after 5500  3.55s user 0.01s system 455% cpu 0.783 total
```
Improve the error message for missing else clauses in if expressions
Only consider impliciy unboxed closure impl if the obligation is
actually for `Fn`, `FnMut`, or `FnOnce`.

Fixes #18019
Change _rhs to _index.

Because var is provided as an index not a right hand side.
Remove unnecessary ::core::ops::

It shows error: failed to resolve. Maybe a missing `extern crate core`
anyway.
Change `from` and `to` to `_from` and `_to`

This to avoid warning: unused variable: `from`,
#[warn(unused_variable)] on by default.
improve shootout-reverse-complement.rs using unsafe code
librustc: Improve method autoderef/deref/index behavior more, and enable
`IndexMut` on mutable vectors.

This fixes a bug whereby the mutability fixups for method behavior were
not kicking in after autoderef failed to happen at any level. It also
adds support for `Index` to the fixer-upper.

Closes #12825.
Guide: develop the exposition of arrays, vectors, and slices.

The array is the fundamental concept; vectors are growable arrays, and
slices are views into either.  Show common array ops up front: length
and iteration.  Mention arrays are immutable by default.  Highlight
definite initialization and bounds-checking as safety features.  Show
that you only need a type suffix on one element of initializers.
Explain that vectors are a value-add library type over arrays, not a
fundamental type; show they have the same "interface." Motivate slices
as efficient views into arrays; explain you can slice vectors, Strings,
&str because they're backed by arrays.
Fix the description of raw byte string literals
Add a memoize! macro and use it throughout rustc
Make memoize!() a function instead
auto merge of #17962 : jkleint/rust/guide-vectors, r=steveklabnik

The array is the fundamental concept; vectors are growable arrays, and
slices are views into either.  Show common array ops up front: length
and iteration.  Mention arrays are immutable by default.  Highlight
definite initialization and bounds-checking as safety features.  Show
that you only need a type suffix on one element of initializers.
Explain that vectors are a value-add library type over arrays, not a
fundamental type; show they have the same "interface." Motivate slices
as efficient views into arrays; explain you can slice vectors, Strings,
&str because they're backed by arrays.  Show off new, easy-to-read
[a..b] slice syntax.
export *IntSlice in libcollections
Renamed AsciiStr::to_lower and AsciiStr::to_upper
Now AsciiStr::to_lowercase and AsciiStr::to_uppercase to match Ascii trait.
[breaking-change]
impl Buffer for ChanReader