Implements keyword sub feature for bulk emails

This commit pulls in changes from #4487 that implement keyword
substitution for bulk emails. With these changes, an instructor can
include keywords in their bulk emails which will be automatically substituted
with the corresponding value for the recipient of the email. Keywords are
of the form %%keyword%%, and the keywords implemented in this commit include:

%%USER_ID%% => anonymous_user_id
%%USER_FULLNAME%% => user profile name
%%COURSE_DISPLAY_NAME%% => display name of the course
%%COURSE_END_DATE%% => end date of the course

Client-side validations have also been implemented to ensure that only emails
with well-formed keywords can be sent.
The architecture is designed such that adding in new keywords in the future
would be relatively straight-forward.
Actually, on further reflection I realize there's no infinite expansion problem, because you're only make one-and-only one pass over the keywords. So the only problem is that the undefined partial re-expansion is ugly and inconsistent, which we can live with. We should just add comments to the mapping itself to tell people, "Don't do that."