docs($http): makes clear $httpProvider.defaults are available at run-time

Clarifies some confusion around $http.defaults existing and able to be modified
at run-time, for when run-time services may be needed in a transformation.

Closes #5559
Closes #5630
docs(ng/filter/filter): make docs human readable
docs(rootScope): fix typo

Closes #5633
fix(closure): add Closure externs for angular.$q.Promise.finally

Closes #4757
refactor(filterFilter): simplify code by a ternary op instead of if-else

- use only one IIFE and a ternary op in it, instead of invoking separate IIFEs in if-else
(this also completely fixed the same issue closed by PR #3597)
- also add a spec to verify usage of '$' property in expression object (e.g. `{$: 'a'}`)

Closes #5637
revert: fix(closure): add Closure externs for angular.$q.Promise.finally

This reverts commit caeb7402651702cd13df2f1594e9827439a8b760.

The commit breaks Google apps because most don't use closure compiler
with the ES5 mode flag on. We are investigating a solution...
refactor(animate): remove duplicate line
chore(docs): remove uppercase heading styling

Closes #5593
chore: strict deps Karma and plugins

So that we have a better control when updating Karma.
chore(build): refactor build scripts in prepare/publish phase

Refactored all scripts so that they are divided into a `prepare`
and a `publish` phase. By this we can build, test, tag, commit
everything first. Only if all of this is ok we start pushing
to Github. By this we keep Github consistent even in error cases.

Extracted include script `/scripts/utils.inc`:
- parse and validate named arguments in the style
  `--name=value`
- proxy git command and deactivate `git push` based on
  command option `--git_push_dry_run=true`
  (will be inherited to child scripts)
- enable/disable bash debug mode by command option
  `--verbose=true`
- dispatch to functions based on command option
  `--action=...`
- helper functions for dealing with json files
chore(build): bugfixes to build scripts on Jenkins.
docs(tutorial): do not recommend global install of Karma

Closes #5498
chore(build): bugfixes to build scripts on Jenkins
docs(guide/i18n): fix a typo

Closes #5651
docs(forms): show directive name instead of link path
chore(inputSpec): fixed typo
docs(form): changed capitalization in CSS classes section

In order to improve readability from "Is set" (confused on my screen as 'Ls set') updated the
capitalization describing the setting of 4 CSS classes.

Closes #5642
docs(tutorial/step-12): replaced a missing apostrophe and fixed grammar errors

Fixed a missing apostrophe and some grammar in the Animating 'ngClass' with JavaScript section
docs($compile): fix a typo

Closes #5639
refactor(input): wrapped validation logic in helper function

Closes #5643