Provide (relative) reference funcs & shortcodes.

-   `.Ref` and `.RelRef` take a reference (the logical filename for a
    page, including extension and/or a document fragment ID) and return
    a permalink (or relative permalink) to the referenced document.

    -   If the reference is a page name (such as `about.md`), the page
        will be discovered and the permalink will be returned: `/about/`
    -   If the reference is a page name with a fragment (such as
        `about.md#who`), the page will be discovered and used to add the
        `page.UniqueID()` to the resulting fragment and permalink:
        `/about/#who:deadbeef`.
    -   If the reference is a fragment and `.*Ref` has been called from
        a `Node` or `SiteInfo`, it will be returned as is: `#who`.
    -   If the reference is a fragment and `.*Ref` has been called from
        a `Page`, it will be returned with the page’s unique ID:
        `#who:deadbeef`.

-   `.*Ref` can be called from either `Node`, `SiteInfo` (e.g.,
    `Node.Site`), `Page` objects, or `ShortcodeWithPage` objects in
    templates.

-   `.*Ref` cannot be used in content, so two shortcodes have been
    created to provide the functionality to content: `ref` and `relref`.
    These are intended to be used within markup, like `[Who]({{% ref
    about.md#who %}})` or `<a href="{{% ref about.md#who %}}">Who</a>`.

-   There are also `ref` and `relref` template functions (used to create
    the shortcodes) that expect a `Page` object (see tpl/template.go:426
    for code that I’m not happy with) and then the reference string.

-   Shortcode handling had to use a *differently unique* wrapper in
    `createShortcodePlaceholder` because of the way that the `ref` and
    `relref` are intended to be used in content.