ARI: Fix endpoint/channel subscription issues; allow for subscriptions to tech

This patch serves two purposes:
(1) It fixes some bugs with endpoint subscriptions not reporting all of the
    channel events
(2) It serves as the preliminary work needed for ASTERISK-23692, which allows
    for sending/receiving arbitrary out of call text messages through ARI in a
    technology agnostic fashion.

The messaging functionality described on ASTERISK-23692 requires two things:
(1) The ability to send/receive messages associated with an endpoint. This is
    relatively straight forwards with the endpoint core in Asterisk now.
(2) The ability to send/receive messages associated with a technology and an
    arbitrary technology defined URI. This is less straight forward, as
    endpoints are formed from a tech + resource pair. We don't have a
    mechanism to note that a technology that *may* have endpoints exists.

This patch provides such a mechanism, and fixes a few bugs along the way.

The first major bug this patch fixes is the forwarding of channel messages
to their respective endpoints. Prior to this patch, there were two problems:
(1) Channel caching messages weren't forwarded. Thus, the endpoints missed
    most of the interesting bits (such as channel creation, destruction, state
    changes, etc.)
(2) Channels weren't associated with their endpoint until after creation.
    This resulted in endpoints missing the channel creation message, which
    limited the usefulness of the subscription in the first place (a major use
    case being 'tell me when this endpoint has a channel'). Unfortunately,
    this meant another parameter to ast_channel_alloc. Since not all channel
    technologies support an ast_endpoint, this patch makes such a call
    optional and opts for a new function, ast_channel_alloc_with_endpoint.

When endpoints are created, they will implicitly create a technology endpoint
for their technology (if one does not already exist). A technology endpoint is
special in that it has no state, cannot have channels created for it, cannot
be created explicitly, and cannot be destroyed except on shutdown. It does,
however, have all messages from other endpoints in its technology forwarded to
it.

Combined with the bug fixes, we now have Stasis messages being properly
forwarded. Consider the following scenario: two PJSIP endpoints (foo and bar),
where bar has a single channel associated with it and foo has two channels
associated with it. The messages would be forwarded as follows:

channel PJSIP/foo-1 --
                      \
                       --> endpoint PJSIP/foo --
                      /                         \
channel PJSIP/foo-2 --                           \
                                                  ---- > endpoint PJSIP
                                                /
channel PJSIP/bar-1 -----> endpoint PJSIP/bar --

ARI, through the applications resource, can:
 - subscribe to endpoint:PJSIP/foo and get notifications for channels
   PJSIP/foo-1,PJSIP/foo-2 and endpoint PJSIP/foo
 - subscribe to endpoint:PJSIP/bar and get notifications for channels
   PJSIP/bar-1 and endpoint PJSIP/bar
 - subscribe to endpoint:PJSIP and get notifications for channels
   PJSIP/foo-1,PJSIP/foo-2,PJSIP/bar-1 and endpoints PJSIP/foo,PJSIP/bar

Note that since endpoint PJSIP never changes, it never has events itself. It
merely provides an aggregation point for all other endpoints in its technology
(which in turn aggregate all channel messages associated with that endpoint).

This patch also adds endpoints to res_xmpp and chan_motif, because the actual
messaging work will need it (messaging without XMPP is just sad).

Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3760/

ASTERISK-23692
........

Merged revisions 419196 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/12


git-svn-id: http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/trunk@419203 f38db490-d61c-443f-a65b-d21fe96a405b