[BUGFIX] Avoid inline-styles in Image-partial

HTML of partial contains two display-properties
that can't easily be overridden via CSS.

Change-Id: I26b1371af9d6b6592f9349f30021151d2af58028
Resolves: #59580
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/30734
Reviewed-by: Alex Kellner
Tested-by: Alex Kellner