librustc: Implement simple `where` clauses.

These `where` clauses are accepted everywhere generics are currently
accepted and desugar during type collection to the type parameter bounds
we have today.

A new keyword, `where`, has been added. Therefore, this is a breaking
change. Change uses of `where` to other identifiers.

[breaking-change]
auto merge of #16474 : MatejLach/rust/cargorun_fix, r=steveklabnik

This fixes #16451.

While moving things around, I also removed a bunch of unnecessary whitespace, however I can put it back in if that's undesired. 

Thanks.
libcore: Get rid of useless mem::forget wrapper.
auto merge of #16435 : vadimcn/rust/windows, r=pcwalton

Using "win32" to mean "Windows" is confusing, especially now, that Rust supports win64 builds.
Let's call spade a spade.
librustc: Don't create scratch for the base expr in function record update.
auto merge of #16486 : kballard/rust/vim_conceal, r=chris

We shouldn't be setting conceallevel in the syntax file. Besides not
being able to undo this if we switch to another syntax later, it also
interferes with embedding rust in other filetypes (such as markdown).

Instead, set it in the ftplugin, where it belongs.
librustc: Fix trans for functional record update when discarding the result.
std::io::util cleanup + fixes

* Fix `LimitReader`'s `Buffer::consume` impl to avoid limit underflow
* Make `MultiWriter` fail fast instead of always running through each
    `Writer`. This may or may not be what we want, but it at least
    doesn't throw any errors encountered in later `Writer`s into oblivion.
* Prevent `IterReader`'s `Reader::read` impl from returning EOF if given
    an empty buffer.

[breaking-change]
auto merge of #16424 : pcwalton/rust/where-clauses, r=nikomatsakis

These `where` clauses are accepted everywhere generics are currently
accepted and desugar during type collection to the type parameter bounds
we have today.

A new keyword, `where`, has been added. Therefore, this is a breaking
change. Change uses of `where` to other identifiers.

[breaking-change]

r? @nikomatsakis (or whoever)
auto merge of #16494 : pnkfelix/rust/fsk-quotstx-followup, r=alexcrichton

Followup to PR #16477: a run-pass regression test for Issue #15750.
Generate slightly better unoptimized code for for-loops

The discriminant for Option values is either 0 or 1, so we can just
truncate the value to an i1, which ends up as a no-op for Options
containing pointers.
auto merge of #16500 : jackheizer/rust/export-name, r=alexcrichton
Properly canonicalize crate paths specified via --extern

Crates that are resolved normally have their path canonicalized and all
symlinks resolved. This does currently not happen for paths specified
using the --extern option to rustc, which can lead to rustc thinking
that it encountered two different versions of a crate, when it's
actually the same version found through different paths.

To fix this, we must store the canonical path for crates found via
--extern and also use the canonical path when comparing paths.

Fixes #16496
Change how libgetopts handles options grouped together

As soon as an option is found that takes an argument, consume the rest
of the string and store it into i_arg. Previously this would only happen
if the character after the option was not a recognized option.

Addresses issue #16348
debuginfo: Add a "no_debug" attribute that allows to exclude functions from debuginfo generation.
auto merge of #16497 : michaelwoerister/rust/no_debug_attribute, r=pcwalton

Fixes #15332.
Fix builds with LLVM < 3.6
Derive Clone for std::time::Duration

This is needed to derive Clone for types containing Durations.
auto merge of #16511 : luqmana/rust/sbnt, r=pcwalton

Fixes #15397.
Fixes #7261.
Fixes #6573.
mark &T params without UnsafeCell<U> as readonly

These are already marked as `noalias` due to the immutability guarantee
(see 4c2d4cd3dea344e81e4df24382ac3f23e2f86f40), but more information can
be bubbled up to the caller via `readonly`.