Mathematica code - speed and comparability

- Changed the innerLoop so that it is closer to the implementations in
other languages.

- Removed the Transpose call from the outerLoop, and made the outerLoop
an anonymous function within the FixedPoint call.

- Made “beta” a parameter in the definition of the innerLoop (rather
than a hardcoded number). As a result, moved the definition of the
innerLoop until after the declaration of beta.

- Removed some unnecessary definitions.

- Removed Subscripts and \[…\] notation, so that the code can be more
easily read from plaintext.

- Code now runs faster.