Add a document describing the content of documents

This gives details of the formats and semantics of fields included in
documents in the content store.

I wrote this partly in an attempt to ensure that I understand the
semantics of this, and partly to get some good documentation around this
for others. There are still some parts of this I'm uncertain about, so
I've marked them with TODO.
I don’t think we’ve determined for sure whether we’ll be exposing this in the retrieving context.