Create less IO errors to improve efficiency of require (forwardport of #8189)

In some environment (especially when coffescript is involved) module.js
will spend a lot of time looking up nonexisting files. This is caused by the
lengthy error creation. Those errors are then immediately caught.

This change makes the lookup much faster, by avoiding the unnecessary error
creation.

module::statPath now uses the new second parameter of fs.statSync function of the
fs.js. There is a similar change for the fs.stat, adding the third parameter.

This is the forwardport of https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/8189
i.e. it's probably necessary to make the API `fs.exists(path[, throwSafe], callback)`.

Also, if there is no `callback` on an async API call then we will throw. Basically `throwSafe` should be documented to only prevent the creation of an `Error` object in cases working with the path (e.g. `ENOENT`), excluding throwing when there are `null` characters in the path name.