Implement ASCII case-related method on Vec<u8> and &[u8]

When dealing with HTTP request or responses, many tokens are case-insensitive in the ASCII range but the bytes from the network are not necessarily valid UTF-8.

**[breaking-change]** Rather than adding new very similar traits, this re-uses the `std::ascii::OwnedStrAsciiExt` and `std::ascii::StrAsciiExt` traits, but rename to remove `Str` since that does not apply for bytes.

This PR also makes `std::ascii::ASCII_UPPER_MAP` and `std::ascii::ASCII_LOWER_MAP`, the lookup table all these methods are based on, public. In case there is something else related to ASCII case we haven’t thought of yet, that can be implemented outside of libstd without duplicating the tables.

Although this is a breaking change, I thought this could do without an RFC since the relevant traits are not in the prelude.

r? @alexcrichton