Improve the error message for missing else clauses in if expressions
librustc: Improve method autoderef/deref/index behavior more, and enable
`IndexMut` on mutable vectors.

This fixes a bug whereby the mutability fixups for method behavior were
not kicking in after autoderef failed to happen at any level. It also
adds support for `Index` to the fixer-upper.

Closes #12825.
Guide: develop the exposition of arrays, vectors, and slices.

The array is the fundamental concept; vectors are growable arrays, and
slices are views into either.  Show common array ops up front: length
and iteration.  Mention arrays are immutable by default.  Highlight
definite initialization and bounds-checking as safety features.  Show
that you only need a type suffix on one element of initializers.
Explain that vectors are a value-add library type over arrays, not a
fundamental type; show they have the same "interface." Motivate slices
as efficient views into arrays; explain you can slice vectors, Strings,
&str because they're backed by arrays.
Add a memoize! macro and use it throughout rustc
Make memoize!() a function instead
auto merge of #17962 : jkleint/rust/guide-vectors, r=steveklabnik

The array is the fundamental concept; vectors are growable arrays, and
slices are views into either.  Show common array ops up front: length
and iteration.  Mention arrays are immutable by default.  Highlight
definite initialization and bounds-checking as safety features.  Show
that you only need a type suffix on one element of initializers.
Explain that vectors are a value-add library type over arrays, not a
fundamental type; show they have the same "interface." Motivate slices
as efficient views into arrays; explain you can slice vectors, Strings,
&str because they're backed by arrays.  Show off new, easy-to-read
[a..b] slice syntax.
auto merge of #17983 : jakub-/rust/memoize-things, r=pcwalton
auto merge of #17934 : pcwalton/rust/better-autoderef-fixup, r=pnkfelix

librustc: Improve method autoderef/deref/index behavior more, and enable IndexMut on mutable vectors.

This fixes a bug whereby the mutability fixups for method behavior were
not kicking in after autoderef failed to happen at any level. It also
adds support for `Index` to the fixer-upper.

Closes #12825.

r? @pnkfelix
auto merge of #18015 : jakub-/rust/issue-4201, r=pcwalton

Closes #4201.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'orig/master' into ios