sched: Optimize build_sched_domains() for saving first SD node for a cpu

Date	Tue, 4 Jun 2013 16:50:18 +0530

We are saving first scheduling domain for a cpu in build_sched_domains() by
iterating over the nested sd->child list. We don't actually need to do it this
way.

*per_cpu_ptr(d.sd, i) is guaranteed to be NULL in the beginning as we have
called __visit_domain_allocation_hell() which does a memset to zero for struct
s_data.

So, save pointer to first SD while running the iteration loop over tl's.

Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
sched: Optimize build_sched_domains() for saving first SD node for a cpu

We are saving first scheduling domain for a cpu in build_sched_domains() by
iterating over the nested sd->child list. We don't actually need to do it this
way.

tl will be equal to sched_domain_topology for the first iteration and so we can
set *per_cpu_ptr(d.sd, i) based on that.  So, save pointer to first SD while
running the iteration loop over tl's.

Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
sched: Remove unused params of build_sched_domain()

Date	Tue, 4 Jun 2013 16:50:19 +0530

build_sched_domain() never uses parameter struct s_data *d and so passing it is
useless.

Remove it.

Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
SELinux: reduce overhead of mls_level_isvalid() function call

Date	Wed, 10 Apr 2013 14:26:22 -0400

While running the high_systime workload of the AIM7 benchmark on
a 2-socket 12-core Westmere x86-64 machine running 3.8.2 kernel,
it was found that a pretty sizable amount of time was spent in the
SELinux code. Below was the perf trace of the "perf record -a -s"
of a test run at 1500 users:

  3.96%            ls  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] ebitmap_get_bit
  1.44%            ls  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] mls_level_isvalid
  1.33%            ls  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] find_next_bit

The ebitmap_get_bit() was the hottest function in the perf-report
output.  Both the ebitmap_get_bit() and find_next_bit() functions
were, in fact, called by mls_level_isvalid(). As a result, the
mls_level_isvalid() call consumed 6.73% of the total CPU time of all
the 24 virtual CPUs which is quite a lot.

Looking at the mls_level_isvalid() function, it is checking to see
if all the bits set in one of the ebitmap structure are also set in
another one as well as the highest set bit is no bigger than the one
specified by the given policydb data structure. It is doing it in
a bit-by-bit manner. So if the ebitmap structure has many bits set,
the iteration loop will be done many times.

The current code can be rewritten to use a similar algorithm as the
ebitmap_contains() function with an additional check for the highest
set bit. With that change, the perf trace showed that the used CPU
time drop down to just 0.09% of the total which is about 100X less
than before.

  0.04%            ls  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] ebitmap_get_bit
  0.04%            ls  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] mls_level_isvalid
  0.01%            ls  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] find_next_bit

Actually, the remaining ebitmap_get_bit() and find_next_bit() function
calls are made by other kernel routines as the new mls_level_isvalid()
function will not call them anymore.

This patch also improves the high_systime AIM7 benchmark result,
though the improvement is not as impressive as is suggested by the
reduction in CPU time. The table below shows the performance change
on the 2-socket x86-64 system mentioned above.

+--------------+---------------+----------------+-----------------+
|   Workload   | mean % change | mean % change  | mean % change   |
|              | 10-100 users  | 200-1000 users | 1100-2000 users |
+--------------+---------------+----------------+-----------------+
| high_systime |     +0.2%     |     +1.1%      |     +2.4%       |
+--------------+---------------+----------------+-----------------+
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
staging: zsmalloc: s/firstpage/page in new copy map funcs

firstpage already has precedent and meaning the first page
of a zspage.  In the case of the copy mapping functions,
it is the first of a pair of pages needing to be mapped.

This patch just renames the firstpage argument to "page" to
avoid confusion.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: prevent mappping in interrupt context

Because we use per-cpu mapping areas shared among the
pools/users, we can't allow mapping in interrupt context
because it can corrupt another users mappings.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: add page table mapping method

This patchset provides page mapping via the page table.
On some archs, most notably ARM, this method has been
demonstrated to be faster than copying.

The logic controlling the method selection (copy vs page table)
is controlled by the definition of USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING which
is/can be defined for any arch that performs better with page
table mapping.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
zsmalloc: collapse internal .h into .c

The patch collapses in the internal zsmalloc_int.h into
the zsmalloc-main.c file.

This is done in preparation for the promotion to mm/ where
separate internal headers are discouraged.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: comment zs_create_pool function

Just as with zs_malloc() and zs_map_object(), it is worth
formally commenting the zs_create_pool() function.

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: make CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE

Right now ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA is hardcoded to be 16.  This
creates 254 classes for systems with 4k pages. However, on
PPC64 with 64k pages, it creates 4095 classes which is far
too many.

This patch makes ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE
so that regardless of the page size, there will be the same
number of classes.

Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: Fix TLB coherency and build problem

Recently, Matt Sealey reported he fail to build zsmalloc caused by
using of local_flush_tlb_kernel_range which are architecture dependent
function so !CONFIG_SMP in ARM couldn't implement it so it ends up
build error following as.

  MODPOST 216 modules
  LZMA    arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.lzma
  AS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.o
ERROR: "v7wbi_flush_kern_tlb_range"
[drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.ko] undefined!
make[1]: *** [__modpost] Error 1
make: *** [modules] Error 2
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

The reason we used that function is copy method by [1]
was really slow in ARM but at that time.

More severe problem is ARM can prefetch speculatively on other CPUs
so under us, other TLBs can have an entry only if we do flush local
CPU. Russell King pointed that. Thanks!
We don't have many choices except using flush_tlb_kernel_range.

My experiment in ARMv7 processor 4 core didn't make any difference with
zsmapbench[2] between local_flush_tlb_kernel_range and flush_tlb_kernel_range
but still page-table based is much better than copy-based.

* bigger is better.

1. local_flush_tlb_kernel_range: 3918795 mappings
2. flush_tlb_kernel_range : 3989538 mappings
3. copy-based: 635158 mappings

This patch replace local_flush_tlb_kernel_range with
flush_tlb_kernel_range which are avaialbe in all architectures
because we already have used it in vmalloc allocator which are
generic one so build problem should go away and performane loss
shoud be void.

[1] f553646, zsmalloc: add page table mapping method
[2] https://github.com/spartacus06/zsmapbench

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad@darnok.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Matt Sealey <matt@genesi-usa.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: remove unused pool name

zs_create_pool() currently takes a name argument which is
never used in any useful way.

This patch removes it.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
staging: zsmalloc: Fix link error on ARM

Testing the arm chromebook config against the upstream
kernel produces a linker error for the zsmalloc module from
staging. The symbol flush_tlb_kernel_range is not available
there. Fix this by removing the reimplementation of
unmap_kernel_range in the zsmalloc module and using the
function directly. The unmap_kernel_range function is not
usable by modules, so also disallow building the driver as a
module for now.

Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Conflicts:
	drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig
staging/zsmalloc: don't use pgtable-mapping from modules

Building zsmalloc as a module does not work on ARM because it uses
an interface that is not exported:

ERROR: "flush_tlb_kernel_range" [drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.ko] undefined!

Since this is only used as a performance optimization and only on ARM,
we can avoid the problem simply by not using that optimization when
building zsmalloc it is a loadable module.

flush_tlb_kernel_range is often an inline function, but out of the
architectures that use an extern function, only powerpc exports
it.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
zram: avoid invalid memory access in zram_exit()

Date	Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:22 +0800

Memory for zram->disk object may have already been freed after returning
from destroy_device(zram), then it's unsafe for zram_reset_device(zram)
to access zram->disk again.

We can't solve this bug by flipping the order of destroy_device(zram)
and zram_reset_device(zram), that will cause deadlock issues to the
zram sysfs handler.

So fix it by holding an extra reference to zram->disk before calling
destroy_device(zram).

Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zram: use zram->lock to protect zram_free_page() in swap free notify path

Date	Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:23 +0800

zram_slot_free_notify() is free-running without any protection from
concurrent operations. So there are race conditions between
zram_bvec_read()/zram_bvec_write() and zram_slot_free_notify(),
and possible consequences include:
1) Trigger BUG_ON(!handle) on zram_bvec_write() side.
2) Access to freed pages on zram_bvec_read() side.
3) Break some fields (bad_compress, good_compress, pages_stored)
   in zram->stats if the swap layer makes concurrently call to
   zram_slot_free_notify().

So enhance zram_slot_free_notify() to acquire writer lock on zram->lock
before calling zram_free_page().

Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zram: destroy all devices on error recovery path in zram_init()

Date	Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:24 +0800

On error recovery path of zram_init(), it leaks the zram device object
causing the failure. So change create_device() to free allocated
resources on error path.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zram: avoid double free in function zram_bvec_write()

Date	Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:25 +0800

When doing a patial write and the whole page is filled with zero,
zram_bvec_write() will free uncmem twice.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zram: avoid access beyond the zram device

Date	Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:26 +0800

Function valid_io_request() should verify the entire request are within
the zram device address range. Otherwise it may cause invalid memory
access when accessing/modifying zram->meta->table[index] because the
'index' is out of range. Then it may access non-exist memory, randomly
modify memory belong to other subsystems, which is hard to track down.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zram: protect sysfs handler from invalid memory access

Date	Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:27 +0800

Use zram->init_lock to protect access to zram->meta, otherwise it
may cause invalid memory access if zram->meta has been freed by
zram_reset_device().

This issue may be triggered by:
Thread 1:
while true; do cat mem_used_total; done
Thread 2:
while true; do echo 8M > disksize; echo 1 > reset; done
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>