SPARK-2380: Support displaying accumulator values in the web UI

This patch adds support for giving accumulators user-visible names and displaying accumulator values in the web UI. This allows users to create custom counters that can display in the UI. The current approach displays both the accumulator deltas caused by each task and a "current" value of the accumulator totals for each stage, which gets update as tasks finish.

Currently in Spark developers have been extending the `TaskMetrics` functionality to provide custom instrumentation for RDD's. This provides a potentially nicer alternative of going through the existing accumulator framework (actually `TaskMetrics` and accumulators are on an awkward collision course as we add more features to the former). The current patch demo's how we can use the feature to provide instrumentation for RDD input sizes. The nice thing about going through accumulators is that users can read the current value of the data being tracked in their programs. This could be useful to e.g. decide to short-circuit a Spark stage depending on how things are going.

![counters](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/320616/3488815/6ee7bc34-0505-11e4-84ce-e36d9886e2cf.png)

Author: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>

Closes #1309 from pwendell/metrics and squashes the following commits:

8815308 [Patrick Wendell] Merge remote-tracking branch 'apache/master' into HEAD
93fbe0f [Patrick Wendell] Other minor fixes
cc43f68 [Patrick Wendell] Updating unit tests
c991b1b [Patrick Wendell] Moving some code into the Accumulators class
9a9ba3c [Patrick Wendell] More merge fixes
c5ace9e [Patrick Wendell] More merge conflicts
1da15e3 [Patrick Wendell] Merge remote-tracking branch 'apache/master' into metrics
9860c55 [Patrick Wendell] Potential solution to posting listener events
0bb0e33 [Patrick Wendell] Remove "display" variable and assume display = name.isDefined
0ec4ac7 [Patrick Wendell] Java API's
e95bf69 [Patrick Wendell] Stash
be97261 [Patrick Wendell] Style fix
8407308 [Patrick Wendell] Removing examples in Hadoop and RDD class
64d405f [Patrick Wendell] Adding missing file
5d8b156 [Patrick Wendell] Changes based on Kay's review.
9f18bad [Patrick Wendell] Minor style changes and tests
7a63abc [Patrick Wendell] Adding Json serialization and responding to Reynold's feedback
ad85076 [Patrick Wendell] Example of using named accumulators for custom RDD metrics.
0b72660 [Patrick Wendell] Initial WIP example of supporing globally named accumulators.
SPARK-1680: use configs for specifying environment variables on YARN

Note that this also documents spark.executorEnv.*  which to me means its public.  If we don't want that please speak up.

Author: Thomas Graves <tgraves@apache.org>

Closes #1512 from tgravescs/SPARK-1680 and squashes the following commits:

11525df [Thomas Graves] more doc changes
553bad0 [Thomas Graves] fix documentation
152bf7c [Thomas Graves] fix docs
5382326 [Thomas Graves] try fix docs
32f86a4 [Thomas Graves] use configs for specifying environment variables on YARN
[SPARK-2864][MLLIB] fix random seed in word2vec; move model to local

It also moves the model to local in order to map `RDD[String]` to `RDD[Vector]`.

Ishiihara

Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>

Closes #1790 from mengxr/word2vec-fix and squashes the following commits:

a87146c [Xiangrui Meng] add setters and make a default constructor
e5c923b [Xiangrui Meng] fix random seed in word2vec; move model to local
[SPARK-2503] Lower shuffle output buffer (spark.shuffle.file.buffer.kb) to 32KB.

This can substantially reduce memory usage during shuffle.

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #1781 from rxin/SPARK-2503-spark.shuffle.file.buffer.kb and squashes the following commits:

104b8d8 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-2503] Lower shuffle output buffer (spark.shuffle.file.buffer.kb) to 32KB.
[SPARK-2550][MLLIB][APACHE SPARK] Support regularization and intercept in pyspark's linear methods

Related to Jira Issue: [SPARK-2550](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2550?jql=project%20%3D%20SPARK%20AND%20resolution%20%3D%20Unresolved%20AND%20priority%20%3D%20Major%20ORDER%20BY%20key%20DESC)

Author: Michael Giannakopoulos <miccagiann@gmail.com>

Closes #1775 from miccagiann/linearMethodsReg and squashes the following commits:

cb774c3 [Michael Giannakopoulos] MiniBatchFraction added in related PythonMLLibAPI java stubs.
81fcbc6 [Michael Giannakopoulos] Fixing a typo-error.
8ad263e [Michael Giannakopoulos] Adding regularizer type and intercept parameters to LogisticRegressionWithSGD and SVMWithSGD.
SPARK-2869 - Fix tiny bug in JdbcRdd for closing jdbc connection

I inquired on  dev mailing list about the motivation for checking the jdbc statement instead of the connection in the close() logic of JdbcRDD. Ted Yu believes there essentially is none-  it is a simple cut and paste issue. So here is the tiny fix to patch it.

Author: Stephen Boesch <javadba>
Author: Stephen Boesch <javadba@gmail.com>

Closes #1792 from javadba/closejdbc and squashes the following commits:

363be4f [Stephen Boesch] SPARK-2869 - Fix tiny bug in JdbcRdd for closing jdbc connection (reformat with braces)
6518d36 [Stephen Boesch] SPARK-2689 Fix tiny bug in JdbcRdd for closing jdbc connection
3fb23ed [Stephen Boesch] SPARK-2689 Fix potential leak of connection/PreparedStatement in case of error in JdbcRDD
095b2c9 [Stephen Boesch] Fix tiny bug (likely copy and paste error) in closing jdbc connection
[sql] rename project name in pom.xml of hive-thriftserver module

module spark-hive-thriftserver_2.10 and spark-hive_2.10 both named "Spark Project Hive" in pom.xml, so rename spark-hive-thriftserver_2.10 project name to "Spark Project Hive Thrift Server"

Author: wangfei <wangfei1@huawei.com>

Closes #1789 from scwf/patch-1 and squashes the following commits:

ca1f5e9 [wangfei] [sql] rename module name of hive-thriftserver
[SPARK-2650][SQL] Try to partially fix SPARK-2650 by adjusting initial buffer size and reducing memory allocation

JIRA issue: [SPARK-2650](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2650)

Please refer to [comments](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2650?focusedCommentId=14084397&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#comment-14084397) of SPARK-2650 for some other details.

This PR adjusts the initial in-memory columnar buffer size to 1MB, same as the default value of Shark's `shark.column.partitionSize.mb` property when running in local mode. Will add Shark style partition size estimation in another PR.

Also, before this PR, `NullableColumnBuilder` copies the whole buffer to add the null positions section, and then `CompressibleColumnBuilder` copies and compresses the buffer again, even if compression is disabled (`PassThrough` compression scheme is used to disable compression). In this PR the first buffer copy is eliminated to reduce memory consumption.

Author: Cheng Lian <lian.cs.zju@gmail.com>

Closes #1769 from liancheng/spark-2650 and squashes the following commits:

88a042e [Cheng Lian] Fixed method visibility and removed dead code
001f2e5 [Cheng Lian] Try fixing SPARK-2650 by adjusting initial buffer size and reducing memory allocation
[SPARK-2854][SQL] Finalize _acceptable_types in pyspark.sql

This PR aims to finalize accepted data value types in Python RDDs provided to Python `applySchema`.

JIRA: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2854

Author: Yin Huai <huai@cse.ohio-state.edu>

Closes #1793 from yhuai/SPARK-2854 and squashes the following commits:

32f0708 [Yin Huai] LongType only accepts long values.
c2b23dd [Yin Huai] Do data type conversions based on the specified Spark SQL data type.
[SPARK-2866][SQL] Support attributes in ORDER BY that aren't in SELECT

Minor refactoring to allow resolution either using a nodes input or output.

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #1795 from marmbrus/ordering and squashes the following commits:

237f580 [Michael Armbrust] style
74d833b [Michael Armbrust] newline
705d963 [Michael Armbrust] Add a rule for resolving ORDER BY expressions that reference attributes not present in the SELECT clause.
82cabda [Michael Armbrust] Generalize attribute resolution.
[SPARK-2806] core - upgrade to json4s-jackson 3.2.10

Scala 2.11 packages not available for the current version (3.2.6)

Signed-off-by: Anand Avati <avatiredhat.com>

Author: Anand Avati <avati@redhat.com>

Closes #1702 from avati/SPARK-1812-json4s-jackson-3.2.10 and squashes the following commits:

7be8324 [Anand Avati] SPARK-1812: core - upgrade to json4s 3.2.10
[SQL] Tighten the visibility of various SQLConf methods and renamed setter/getters

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #1794 from rxin/sql-conf and squashes the following commits:

3ac11ef [Reynold Xin] getAllConfs return an immutable Map instead of an Array.
4b19d6c [Reynold Xin] Tighten the visibility of various SQLConf methods and renamed setter/getters.
[SQL] Fix logging warn -> debug

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #1800 from marmbrus/warning and squashes the following commits:

8ea9cf1 [Michael Armbrust] [SQL] Fix logging warn -> debug.
SPARK-2294: fix locality inversion bug in TaskManager

copied from original JIRA (https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2294):

If an executor E is free, a task may be speculatively assigned to E when there are other tasks in the job that have not been launched (at all) yet. Similarly, a task without any locality preferences may be assigned to E when there was another NODE_LOCAL task that could have been scheduled.
This happens because TaskSchedulerImpl calls TaskSetManager.resourceOffer (which in turn calls TaskSetManager.findTask) with increasing locality levels, beginning with PROCESS_LOCAL, followed by NODE_LOCAL, and so on until the highest currently allowed level. Now, supposed NODE_LOCAL is the highest currently allowed locality level. The first time findTask is called, it will be called with max level PROCESS_LOCAL; if it cannot find any PROCESS_LOCAL tasks, it will try to schedule tasks with no locality preferences or speculative tasks. As a result, speculative tasks or tasks with no preferences may be scheduled instead of NODE_LOCAL tasks.

----

I added an additional parameter in resourceOffer and findTask, maxLocality, indicating when we should consider the tasks without locality preference

Author: CodingCat <zhunansjtu@gmail.com>

Closes #1313 from CodingCat/SPARK-2294 and squashes the following commits:

bf3f13b [CodingCat] rollback some forgotten changes
89f9bc0 [CodingCat] address matei's comments
18cae02 [CodingCat] add test case for node-local tasks
2ba6195 [CodingCat] fix failed test cases
87dd09e [CodingCat] fix style
9b9432f [CodingCat] remove hasNodeLocalOnlyTasks
fdd1573 [CodingCat] fix failed test cases
941a4fd [CodingCat] see my shocked face..........
f600085 [CodingCat] remove hasNodeLocalOnlyTasks checking
0b8a46b [CodingCat] test whether hasNodeLocalOnlyTasks affect the results
73ceda8 [CodingCat] style fix
b3a430b [CodingCat] remove fine granularity tracking for node-local only tasks
f9a2ad8 [CodingCat] simplify the logic in TaskSchedulerImpl
c8c1de4 [CodingCat] simplify the patch
be652ed [CodingCat] avoid unnecessary delay when we only have nopref tasks
dee9e22 [CodingCat] fix locality inversion bug in TaskManager by moving nopref branch
[MLlib] Use this.type as return type in k-means' builder pattern

to ensure that the return object is itself.

Author: DB Tsai <dbtsai@alpinenow.com>

Closes #1796 from dbtsai/dbtsai-kmeans and squashes the following commits:

658989e [DB Tsai] Alpine Data Labs
[SPARK-1022][Streaming][HOTFIX] Fixed zookeeper dependency of Kafka

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/1751 caused maven builds to fail.

```
~/Apache/spark(branch-1.1|✔) ➤ mvn -U -DskipTests clean install
.
.
.
[error] Apache/spark/external/kafka/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/streaming/kafka/KafkaStreamSuite.scala:36: object NIOServerCnxnFactory is not a member of package org.apache.zookeeper.server
[error] import org.apache.zookeeper.server.NIOServerCnxnFactory
[error]        ^
[error] Apache/spark/external/kafka/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/streaming/kafka/KafkaStreamSuite.scala:199: not found: type NIOServerCnxnFactory
[error]     val factory = new NIOServerCnxnFactory()
[error]                       ^
[error] two errors found
[error] Compile failed at Aug 5, 2014 1:42:36 PM [0.503s]
```

The problem is how SBT and Maven resolves multiple versions of the same library, which in this case, is Zookeeper. Observing and comparing the dependency trees from Maven and SBT showed this. Spark depends on ZK 3.4.5 whereas Apache Kafka transitively depends on upon ZK 3.3.4. SBT decides to evict 3.3.4 and use the higher version 3.4.5. But Maven decides to stick to the closest (in the tree) dependent version of 3.3.4. And 3.3.4 does not have NIOServerCnxnFactory.

The solution in this patch excludes zookeeper from the apache-kafka dependency in streaming-kafka module so that it just inherits zookeeper from Spark core.

Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>

Closes #1797 from tdas/kafka-zk-fix and squashes the following commits:

94b3931 [Tathagata Das] Fixed zookeeper dependency of Kafka
[SPARK-2157] Enable tight firewall rules for Spark

The goal of this PR is to allow users of Spark to write tight firewall rules for their clusters. This is currently not possible because Spark uses random ports in many places, notably the communication between executors and drivers. The changes in this PR are based on top of ash211's changes in #1107.

The list covered here may or may not be the complete set of port needed for Spark to operate perfectly. However, as of the latest commit there are no known sources of random ports (except in tests). I have not documented a few of the more obscure configs.

My spark-env.sh looks like this:
```
export SPARK_MASTER_PORT=6060
export SPARK_WORKER_PORT=7070
export SPARK_MASTER_WEBUI_PORT=9090
export SPARK_WORKER_WEBUI_PORT=9091
```
and my spark-defaults.conf looks like this:
```
spark.master spark://andrews-mbp:6060
spark.driver.port 5001
spark.fileserver.port 5011
spark.broadcast.port 5021
spark.replClassServer.port 5031
spark.blockManager.port 5041
spark.executor.port 5051
```

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>
Author: Andrew Ash <andrew@andrewash.com>

Closes #1777 from andrewor14/configure-ports and squashes the following commits:

621267b [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into configure-ports
8a6b820 [Andrew Or] Use a random UI port during tests
7da0493 [Andrew Or] Fix tests
523c30e [Andrew Or] Add test for isBindCollision
b97b02a [Andrew Or] Minor fixes
c22ad00 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into configure-ports
93d359f [Andrew Or] Executors connect to wrong port when collision occurs
d502e5f [Andrew Or] Handle port collisions when creating Akka systems
a2dd05c [Andrew Or] Patrick's comment nit
86461e2 [Andrew Or] Remove spark.executor.env.port and spark.standalone.client.port
1d2d5c6 [Andrew Or] Fix ports for standalone cluster mode
cb3be88 [Andrew Or] Various doc fixes (broken link, format etc.)
e837cde [Andrew Or] Remove outdated TODOs
bfbab28 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into configure-ports
de1b207 [Andrew Or] Update docs to reflect new ports
b565079 [Andrew Or] Add spark.ports.maxRetries
2551eb2 [Andrew Or] Remove spark.worker.watcher.port
151327a [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into configure-ports
9868358 [Andrew Or] Add a few miscellaneous ports
6016e77 [Andrew Or] Add spark.executor.port
8d836e6 [Andrew Or] Also document SPARK_{MASTER/WORKER}_WEBUI_PORT
4d9e6f3 [Andrew Or] Fix super subtle bug
3f8e51b [Andrew Or] Correct erroneous docs...
e111d08 [Andrew Or] Add names for UI services
470f38c [Andrew Or] Special case non-"Address already in use" exceptions
1d7e408 [Andrew Or] Treat 0 ports specially + return correct ConnectionManager port
ba32280 [Andrew Or] Minor fixes
6b550b0 [Andrew Or] Assorted fixes
73fbe89 [Andrew Or] Move start service logic to Utils
ec676f4 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'SPARK-2157' of github.com:ash211/spark into configure-ports
038a579 [Andrew Ash] Trust the server start function to report the port the service started on
7c5bdc4 [Andrew Ash] Fix style issue
0347aef [Andrew Ash] Unify port fallback logic to a single place
24a4c32 [Andrew Ash] Remove type on val to match surrounding style
9e4ad96 [Andrew Ash] Reformat for style checker
5d84e0e [Andrew Ash] Document new port configuration options
066dc7a [Andrew Ash] Fix up HttpServer port increments
cad16da [Andrew Ash] Add fallover increment logic for HttpServer
c5a0568 [Andrew Ash] Fix ConnectionManager to retry with increment
b80d2fd [Andrew Ash] Make Spark's block manager port configurable
17c79bb [Andrew Ash] Add a configuration option for spark-shell's class server
f34115d [Andrew Ash] SPARK-1176 Add port configuration for HttpBroadcast
49ee29b [Andrew Ash] SPARK-1174 Add port configuration for HttpFileServer
1c0981a [Andrew Ash] Make port in HttpServer configurable