Improve naive point counting and implement zeta_function.
#15169: Fix FreeAlgebra element constructor from a base field.
#15289: Implemented indexed monoids and groups.
trac 15382

Macaulay Resultant of Multivariate Polynomials
improve performance of macaulay_resultant
some fixes to performance issues
Merge branch 'master' into public/monoids/15289-indexed

Conflicts:
	src/sage/algebras/free_algebra.py
minor changes
finished implementing minor performance improvements. There is still a failed test to take care of.
Added comparison operations.
removed all usage of actual monomials, only using degree-lists now.
minor changes to comments
Merge branch 'develop' into public/monoids/15289-indexed

* develop: (375 commits)
  Updated Sage version to 6.1.beta2
  fix latex
  fix documentation
  minor typography
  Trac 13101: mark doctest as "long time"
  trac 13101 better doctest
  Trac 13101: Fix bug in enumerate_totallyreal_fields_all
  #9706: review patch.
  trac 9706: Propose new class structure
  Symbolic Chebyshev polynomials: reviewer patch
  trac 9706: Collective patch. Bugfixes, extensions, optimizations, documentation, doctests for chebyshev_T, chebyshev_U and base class for ortho polys
  Updated Sage version to 6.1.beta1
  Fixing Whitespace errors
  Use bash as SHELL for build/Makefile
  allow numpy arrays in list_plot, line, points
  Run Jmol from current directory
  Trac #12322: Add a doctest for the correct behavior introduced in trac #12737.
  Trac #14186 coerce_binop errors with keyword arguments
  trac #15553: Broken links in the doc of graph/ and numerical/
  bug fix : importing BooleanPolynomialRing at the top-level prevents sage from starting
  ...
Merge branch 'ticket/15148' into ticket/11980
Merge remote-tracking branch 'trac/develop' into ticket/11980
Merge branch 'develop' into public/monoids/15289-indexed

* develop: (95 commits)
  Trac #14858: more robust type checks for arith.py
  Updated Sage version to 6.1.beta3
  Trac #11271: making the curve inaccessible + documentation
  Trac #11271: Corrections to is_surjective in Galois representations over Q.
  sage-sdist: copy upstream tarballs using sage-spkg
  Fixed docbuild.
  Removed removed file from doc.
  Fix wrong NOTE block.
  Where possible, remove optional - database_stein_watkins
  Stein-Watkins database: reviewer patch
  buid/deps : added a dependency of freetype on libpng in order to work around a build-time race condition.
  Replace bytes_to_long/long_to_bytes by ord/chr.
  Revert "Filter pycrypto warning about insecure modular exponentiaiton."
  first version of the git-trac package
  Filter pycrypto warning about insecure modular exponentiaiton.
  Update PyCrypto to version 2.6.1.
  Let PyCrypto build on FreeBSD.
  trac #15435: WeylGroup and CoxeterGroup to groups.<tab>
  trac #15369: Alias groups.misc.AdditiveCyclic to IntegerModRing
  Fix for comparison of padics.
  ...
Merge branch 'develop' into public/monoids/15289-indexed

* develop: (59 commits)
  Updated Sage version to 6.1.beta4
  trac #15572: DiGraph.is_directed_acyclic handles loops pretty well
  Fixed bug in uniform matroid.
  trac #15619: Pickling multigraphs with loops and labels
  Trac 15619: Review commit
  Trac 15603: More doctests, nicer error message
  No need to specify caller_name in verbose()
  Add comments, small cosmetic changes
  Make q monic before computing cubic resolvent
  Implement splitting fields for number fields
  trac #15619: bug in the former definition; exception to avoid it in the future
  trac 8723: fix one line in isogeny_small_degree
  Use "in" instead of PyDict_Contains()
  test for membership with `x in self`; minor doc formatting change
  trac #15619: Pickling of immutable graphs
  Rebased on sage-6.1.beta2
  # User Thomas Feulner <thomas.feulner@uni-bayreuth.de>
  Implemented IntegerVectors_nk.rank(). Fixes #15609
  Trac #5153: small change in documentation.
  Trac 7695: Variable name for all subfields where the name ends with a digit
  ...
Merge branch 'develop' into public/monoids/15289-indexed

* develop: (107 commits)
  Updated Sage version to 6.1.beta5
  Don't use "missing"
  trac 15265: various changes, finishing review.
  allow disabling of maintainer mode
  trac 15265: Additional change to farey.cpp.
  trac 15265: Minor changes to farey_symbol.pyx
  trac 15265: Minor changes to sl2z.cpp and sl2z.hpp.
  trac 15265: Minor changes to farey.cpp and farey.hpp.
  Run "missing" using bash
  fix tarball url
  trac 15265: Add some further examples and one test to _acton_ of elements of arithmetic groups.
  Source sage-env inside configure
  Improved Karatsuba: more thorough tests
  bootstrap configure: small fixes
  make saving of the confball optional in bootstrap
  fix typos in SPKG.txt
  also commit changes to confball in sage-update-version
  add a SPKG.txt file
  rename to bootstrap, run during version bump
  trac 15265: correct mistakes done while converting to git branch.
  ...
Added cardinality methods.
Added cardinality to free abelian monoid for consistancy.