[SPARK-3647] Add more exceptions to Guava relocation.

Guava's Optional refers to some package private classes / methods, and
when those are relocated the code stops working, throwing exceptions.
So add the affected classes to the exception list too, and add a unit
test.

(Note that this unit test only really makes sense in maven, since we
don't relocate in the sbt build. Also, JavaAPISuite doesn't seem to
be run by "mvn test" - I had to manually add command line options to
enable it.)