Refactor: Consolidate Transaction and Publish Handling

This consolidates the transaction and publish handling in order to make it more robust for failing remounts. What is still missing is an automatic recovery functionality to get out of error states.

**Note:** This contains [Pull Request 539](https://github.com/cvmfs/cvmfs/pull/539) and [538](https://github.com/cvmfs/cvmfs/pull/538).
Not with this Pull Request. I plan to integrate it into a generic repair procedure that should fix things checked in `health_check()` where this sanity check is performed now.