[Qt] let OptionsModel::getProxySettings() directly query proxy

- as a proxy set via GUI can be overridden via -proxy, directly query the
  core to get active proxy
- give a warning, if active proxy is not SOCKS5 (needs to be SOCKS5 for
  the Qt networking code to work)
- also remove an obsolete connect() call from optionsdialog.cpp and a
  reference to Bitcoin-Qt (now just GUI)