Layer factory.

Implemented a layer factory that allows one to register a layer more easily. Both the Makefile version and cmake version are changed. Since the test only covers the C++ parts, I cannot guarantee that python and matlab versions are right. However, if you encounter registerer errors, simply do --whole-archive when you link in libcaffe.a.

== Original PR message ==

So I've been wanting to replace the old, sort-of-working layer factory function with a real registrar. This PR implements it, and hopefully makes writing new layers easier (instead of modifying an evergrowing if then statement, simply register a new layer).

A side effect is that, with registration in the code, we cannot use static library any more. For all binaries inside Caffe this is fine - I changed the behavior so that libcaffe.a is gone, and all binaries are linked directly with .o files. ~~I am yet to test if .so works.~~ I also added a test that dynamically links to libcaffe.so to make sure dynamic libraries work with registration.

~~I am not an expert of CMake so I haven't changed the CMake file yet.~~ CMake files are changed accordingly.

~~In terms of documentations, I have written a truly marvellous documentation of this, which this PR message is too short to contain. (Just kidding. I am in the process of finishing the documentation for it.)~~ Documentation of the registration process is written in layer_factory.hpp.

Also, the PR may potentially break Windows builds. Just want to expose it first and see what you guys think about it.
Done.