Add `ty` to `LoanPath`.

To make this clean, refactored old `LoanPath` enum into a
`LoanPath` struct with a `ty::t` and a newly-added `LoanPathVariant` enum.

This enabled me to get rid of the ugly and fragile `LoanPath::to_type`
method, and I can probably also get rid of other stuff that was
supporting it, maybe.