[SPARK-3398] [EC2] Have spark-ec2 intelligently wait for specific cluster states

Instead of waiting arbitrary amounts of time for the cluster to reach a specific state, this patch lets `spark-ec2` explicitly wait for a cluster to reach a desired state.

This is useful in a couple of situations:
* The cluster is launching and you want to wait until SSH is available before installing stuff.
* The cluster is being terminated and you want to wait until all the instances are terminated before trying to delete security groups.

This patch removes the need for the `--wait` option and removes some of the time-based retry logic that was being used.
No rhyme. I'll change it to minimize the number of breaks. `pep8` will just enforce the 100 character per line limit we've configured.