ext4: optimize test_root()

The test_root() function could potentially loop forever due to
overflow issues.  So rewrite test_root() to avoid this issue; as a
bonus, it is 38% faster when benchmarked via a test loop:

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int  i;

	for (i = 0; i < 1 << 24; i++) {
		if (test_root(i, 7))
			printf("%d\n", i);
	}
}

Change-Id: Ia927cd68930e3c572f98aefad1421cc1c880ff85
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>