sdscatfmt() added to SDS library.

sdscatprintf() relies on printf() family libc functions and is sometimes
too slow in critical code paths. sdscatfmt() is an alternative which is:

1) Far less capable.
2) Format specifier uncompatible.
3) Faster.

It is suitable to be used in those speed critical code paths such as
CLIENT LIST output generation.
Added new sdscatfmt() %u and %U format specifiers.

This commit also fixes a bug in the implementation of sdscatfmt()
resulting from stale references to the SDS string header after
sdsMakeRoomFor() calls.
Use sdscatfmt() in getClientInfoString() to make it faster.
CLIENT LIST speedup via peerid caching + smart allocation.

This commit adds peer ID caching in the client structure plus an API
change and the use of sdsMakeRoomFor() in order to improve the
reallocation pattern to generate the CLIENT LIST output.

Both the changes account for a very significant speedup.
ROLE command added.

The new ROLE command is designed in order to provide a client with
informations about the replication in a fast and easy to use way
compared to the INFO command where the same information is also
available.
ROLE output improved for slaves.

Info about the replication state with the master added.
Client types generalized.

Because of output buffer limits Redis internals had this idea of type of
clients: normal, pubsub, slave. It is possible to set different output
buffer limits for the three kinds of clients.

However all the macros and API were named after output buffer limit
classes, while the idea of a client type is a generic one that can be
reused.

This commit does two things:

1) Rename the API and defines with more general names.
2) Change the class of clients executing the MONITOR command from "slave"
   to "normal".

"2" is a good idea because you want to have very special settings for
slaves, that are not a good idea for MONITOR clients that are instead
normal clients even if they are conceptually slave-alike (since it is a
push protocol).

The backward-compatibility breakage resulting from "2" is considered to
be minimal to care, since MONITOR is a debugging command, and because
anyway this change is not going to break the format or the behavior, but
just when a connection is closed on big output buffer issues.
Assign an unique non-repeating ID to each new client.

This will be used by CLIENT KILL and is also a good way to ensure a
given client is still the same across CLIENT LIST calls.

The output of CLIENT LIST was modified to include the new ID, but this
change is considered to be backward compatible as the API does not imply
you can do positional parsing, since each filed as a different name.
New features for CLIENT KILL.
CLIENT KILL: fix closing link of the current client.
CLIENT KILL API modified.

Added a new SKIPME option that is true by default, that prevents the
client sending the command to be killed, unless SKIPME NO is sent.
Sentinel: send SLAVEOF with MULTI, CLIENT KILL, CONFIG REWRITE.

This implements the new Sentinel-Client protocol for the Sentinel part:
now instances are reconfigured using a transaction that ensures that the
config is rewritten in the target instance, and that clients lose the
connection with the instance, in order to be forced to: ask Sentinel,
reconnect to the instance, and verify the instance role with the new
ROLE command.
ROLE command: array len fixed for slave output.
Allow to call ROLE in LOADING state.
Test: AOF test false positive when running in slow hosts.

The bug was triggered by running the test with Valgrind (which is a lot
slower and more sensible to timing issues) after the recent changes
that made Redis more promptly able to reply with the -LOADING error.