Prevent Phame blogs from using invalid skins

Summary: Via HackerOne. An attacker with access to both Phame and the filesystem could potentially load a skin that lives outside of the configured skin directories, because we had insufficient checks on the actual skin at load time.

Test Plan: Attempted to build a blog with an invalid skin; got an exception instead of a mis-load of a sketchy skin.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10992
Lock `phabricator.show-prototypes`

Summary:
Two goals:

  - If an attacker compromises an administrator account (without compromising the host itself), they can currently take advantage of vulnerabilities in prototype applications by enabling the applications, then exploiting the vulnerability. Locking this option requires CLI access to enable prototypes, so installs which do not have prototypes enabled have no exposure to security issues in prototype applications.
  - Making this very slightly harder to enable is probably a good thing, given the state of the world and support.

Test Plan: Verified that web UI shows the value is locked and instructs the user to update via the CLI.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10993
Add Conduit Tokens to make authentication in Conduit somewhat more sane

Summary:
Ref T5955. Summary of intended changes:

**Improve Granularity of Authorization**: Currently, users have one Conduit Certificate. This isn't very flexible, and means that you can't ever generate an API token with limited permissions or IP block controls (see T6706). This moves toward a world where you can generate multiple tokens, revoke them individually, and assign disparate privileges to them.

**Standardize Token Management**: This moves Conduit to work the same way that sessions, OAuth authorizations, and temporary tokens already work, instead of being this crazy bizarre mess.

**Make Authentication Faster**: Authentication currently requires a handshake (conduit.connect) to establish a session, like the web UI. This is unnecessary from a security point of view and puts an extra round trip in front of all Conduit activity. Essentially no other API anywhere works like this.

**Make Authentication Simpler**: The handshake is complex, and involves deriving hashes. The session is also complex, and creates issues like T4377. Handshake and session management require different inputs.

**Make Token Management Simpler**: The certificate is this huge long thing right now, which is not necessary from a security perspective. There are separate Arcanist handshake tokens, but they have a different set of issues. We can move forward to a token management world where neither of these problems exist.

**Lower Protocol Barrier**: The simplest possible API client is very complex right now. It should be `curl`. Simplifying authentication is a necessary step toward this.

**Unblock T2783**: T2783 is blocked on nodes in the cluster making authenticated API calls to other nodes. This provides a simpler way forward than the handshake mess (or enormous-hack-mess) which would currently be required.

Test Plan:
  - Generated tokens.
  - Generated tokens for a bot account.
  - Terminated tokens (and for a bot account).
  - Terminated all tokens (and for a bot account).
  - Ran GC and saw it reap all the expired tokens.

NOTE: These tokens can not actually be used to authenticate yet!

{F249658}

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T5955

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10985
Accept Conduit tokens as an authentication mechanism

Summary:
  - Ref T5955. Accept the tokens introduced in D10985 as an authentication token.
  - Ref T3628. Permit simple `curl`-compatible decoding of parameters.

Test Plan:
  - Ran some sensible `curl` API commands:

```
epriestley@orbital ~/dev/phabricator $ curl -g "http://local.phacility.com/api/user.whoami?api.token=api-f7dfpoyelk4mmz6vxcueb6hcbtbk" ; echo
{"result":{"phid":"PHID-USER-cvfydnwadpdj7vdon36z","userName":"admin","realName":"asdf","image":"http:\/\/local.phacility.com\/res\/1410737307T\/phabricator\/3eb28cd9\/rsrc\/image\/avatar.png","uri":"http:\/\/local.phacility.com\/p\/admin\/","roles":["admin","verified","approved","activated"]},"error_code":null,"error_info":null}
```

```
epriestley@orbital ~/dev/phabricator $ curl -g "http://local.phacility.com/api/differential.query?api.token=api-f7dfpoyelk4mmz6vxcueb6hcbtbk&ids[]=1" ; echo
{"result":[{"id":"1","phid":"PHID-DREV-v3a67ixww3ccg5lqbxee","title":"zxcb","uri":"http:\/\/local.phacility.com\/D1","dateCreated":"1418405590","dateModified":"1418405590","authorPHID":"PHID-USER-cvfydnwadpdj7vdon36z","status":"0","statusName":"Needs Review","branch":null,"summary":"","testPlan":"zxcb","lineCount":"6","activeDiffPHID":"PHID-DIFF-pzbtc5rw6pe5j2kxtlr2","diffs":["1"],"commits":[],"reviewers":[],"ccs":[],"hashes":[],"auxiliary":{"phabricator:projects":[],"phabricator:depends-on":[],"organization.sqlmigration":null},"arcanistProjectPHID":null,"repositoryPHID":null,"sourcePath":null}],"error_code":null,"error_info":null}
```

  - Ran older-style commands like `arc list` against the local install.
  - Ran commands via web console.
  - Added and ran a unit test to make sure nothing is using forbidden parameter names.
  - Terminated a token and verified it no longer works.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T3628, T5955

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10986
Add conduit.getcapabilities and a modern CLI handshake workflow

Summary:
Ref T5955.

  - Add `conduit.getcapabilities` to help arc (and other clients) determine formats, protocols, etc., the server supports.
  - Fixes T3117. Add a more modern version of the handshake workflow that allows all generated tokens to remain valid for an hour.
  - Generally, add a CLI token type. This token type expires after an hour when generated, then becomes permanent if used.

Test Plan:
  - See D10988.
  - Ran `conduit.getcapabilities` and inspected output.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T3117, T5955

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10989
Generate and use "cluster" Conduit API tokens

Summary:
Ref T5955. Ref T2783.

  - Removes the "temporary" type. I was going to use this for T3628 but it started taking more time than I wanted to spend on it.
  - Add a "cluster" type, which is an internal-only token type used within a cluster. This token value is never shown to the user.
  - Automatically generate, use, and cycle cluster tokens.

Test Plan:
  - Diffusion (mostly) works with a repository configured to use a remote service.
  - Saw cluster tokens generate; terminated a cluster token and saw it regenerate.
  - Viewed cluster token in settings panel and saw nice explanatory text instead, as expected (we might just hide these eventually).

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T2783, T5955

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10990
Fix a exception being thrown from Diviner

Summary: If no Diviner groups are defined that this line currently throws a fatal exception... make this a little more safe.

Test Plan: Applied to our install, no more exceptions.

Reviewers: epriestley, #blessed_reviewers

Reviewed By: epriestley, #blessed_reviewers

Subscribers: Korvin, epriestley

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10999
Pholio - fix show older transactions for if there are inline comments

Summary: We didn't load enough data for this case for the custom view class Pholio uses. Fixes T6770. Re-jiggers the signature of the loadImages function in the PholioMockQuery to get there so as to not duplicate any business logic.

Test Plan: made a pholio mock with lots of inline comments. pre-patch "show older" fatals and post-patch "show older" works

Reviewers: chad, epriestley

Reviewed By: epriestley

Subscribers: Korvin, epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T6770

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D11002
Prevent worker queue leases from exceeding 64 characters

Summary:
Ref T6742. Root cause of the issue:

  - Daemon was running on a machine with a very long host name, which produced a lease name which was longer than 64 characters.
  - MySQL wasn't set in STRICT_ALL_TABLES.
  - The daemon would `UPDATE .. SET leaseOwner = <very long string>` to lock a task, and MySQL would silently truncate.
  - The daemon would then try to select the locked task, but fail, because there's no matching lease owner.

To resolve this, use only the first 32 characters of the hostname. See IRC for more discussion.

Test Plan: Will confirm with reporter.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T6742

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10998
Give AlmanacServices a service type

Summary:
Ref T5833. This allows services to be typed, to distinguish between different kinds of services. This makes a few things easier:

  - It's easier for clients to select the services they're interested in (see note in T5873 about Phacility). This isn't a full-power solution, but gets is some of the way there.
  - It's easier to set appropriate permissions around when modifications to the Phabricator cluster are allowed. These service nodes need to be demarcated as special in some way no matter what (see T6741). This also defines a new policy for users who are permitted to create services.
  - It's easier to browse/review/understand services.
  - Future diffs will allow ServiceTypes to specify more service structure (for example, default properties) to make it easier to configure services correctly. Instead of a free-for-all, you'll get a useful list of things that consumers of the service expect to read.

The "custom" service type allows unstructured/freeform services to be created.

Test Plan:
  - Created a new service (and hit error cases).
  - Edited an existing service.
  - Saw service types on list and detail views.
  - Poked around new permission stuff.
  - Ran `almanac.queryservices` with service class specification.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T5833

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10995
Allow Almanac service types to define default properties

Summary:
Ref T5833. This allows Almanac ServiceTypes to define default properties for a service, which show up in the UI and are more easily editable.

Overall, this makes it much easier to make structured/usable/consistent service records: you can check a checkbox that says "prevent new allocations" instead of needing to know the meaning of a key.

Test Plan: {F251593}

Reviewers: chad, btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T5833

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D10996
Rename "Local" settings in Diffusion to "Storage"

Summary: Ref T2783. In Diffusion -> Edit Repository, we currently have a section called "Local" with options about where the repository is stored. The current name is misleading in a cluster environment, where storage may not actually be local. Shortly, this will also have an option for cluster storage. Call this "Storage" instead.

Test Plan: Edited a repository and poked around.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T2783

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D11001
Don't skip policy checks on ObjectQuery if special capabilities are required

Summary: Ref T6741. As an optimization, we omit policy checks on ObjectQuery, but need to retain them if the query requests non-view permissions. This primarily affected Almanac properties.

Test Plan: Almanac properties now do full policy checks on ObjectQuery loads.

Reviewers: btrahan

Reviewed By: btrahan

Subscribers: epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T6741

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D11005
Link search query to Dashboard header title

Summary: Makes the header text clickable to the full results.

Test Plan: Click on a few queries.

Reviewers: btrahan, epriestley

Reviewed By: epriestley

Subscribers: Korvin, epriestley

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D11008
Merge branch 'master' of github.com:facebook/phabricator