C++ Improvements

- Added a section on references
- Cleaned up and rephrased comments
- Removed old and erroneous information
- Normalized indentation to four spaces
- Normalized style to "Stroustrup style"  (http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq2.html#layout-style)

In the near future I plan on additional sections covering idiomatic use, such as RAII and C++11 paradigms.
I do agree that C++ is designed to be better C and I want to keep the point here in the document that C++ is designed to be an extension of C to make it better. I just didn't want it to turn into an opinion piece.