Append missing padding after last field of struct

This patch fixes issue #13186.

When generating constant expression for enum, it is possible that
alignment of expression may be not equal to alignment of type.  In that
case space after last struct field must be padded to match size of value
and size of struct. This commit adds that padding.

See detailed explanation in src/test/run-pass/trans-tag-static-padding.rs
native: Always open a file with Open/Write modes

Previously, windows was using the CREATE_NEW flag which fails if the file
previously existed, which differed from the unix semantics. This alters the
opening to use the OPEN_ALWAYS flag to mirror the unix semantics.

Closes #13861
Add a `graphviz` crate for making .dot files to layout and render graphs.
Updated maybe_owned_vec with review feedback.

Namely:

 * Added conversion traits both to and from the various vector types,
   analogous to how `str::MaybeOwned` works with `str::IntoMaybeOwned`
   and `str::Str`.  This led me to add the `FixedLen` variant of
   `MaybeOwnedVector` for interoperability with `std::slice`.

 * Revised client example code to make use of `into_maybe_owned`

 * Added implementations of `Show` and `CloneableVector` for
   `MaybeOwnedVector`.

 * As suggested by kballard, added `into_vec` method that is analogous
   to `CloneableVector::into_owned` except it produces a `Vec` rather
   than a `~[T]`.
rustc: Remove the session building_library flag

This has long since not been too relevant since the introduction of many crate
type outputs. This commit removes the flag entirely, adjusting all logic to do
the most reasonable thing when building both a library and an executable.

Closes #13337
Remove/Update dead links on Tasks guide.
add back `noalias` to `&mut T` pointer parameters

This was removed because these could alias with `&const T` or `@mut T`
and those are now gone from the language. There are still aliasing
issues within local scopes, but this is correct for function parameters.

This also removes the no-op `noalias` marker on proc (not a pointer) and
leaves out the mention of #6750 because real type-based alias analysis
is not within the scope of best effort usage of the `noalias` attribute.

Test case:

    pub fn foo(x: &mut &mut u32) {
        **x = 5;
        **x = 5;
    }

Before:

    define void @_ZN3foo20h0ce94c9671b0150bdaa4v0.0E(i32** nocapture readonly) unnamed_addr #0 {
    entry-block:
      %1 = load i32** %0, align 8
      store i32 5, i32* %1, align 4
      %2 = load i32** %0, align 8
      store i32 5, i32* %2, align 4
      ret void
    }

After:

    define void @_ZN3foo20h0ce94c9671b0150bdaa4v0.0E(i32** noalias nocapture readonly) unnamed_addr #0 {
    entry-block:
      %1 = load i32** %0, align 8
      store i32 5, i32* %1, align 4
      ret void
    }

Closes #12436
Add missing cases to the type_limits lint

and exhaustive testing for the `u8` type.
Remove two useless comparisons

according to the updated type_limits lint.
auto merge of #13905 : alexcrichton/rust/issue-13337, r=thestinger

This has long since not been too relevant since the introduction of many crate
type outputs. This commit removes the flag entirely, adjusting all logic to do
the most reasonable thing when building both a library and an executable.

Closes #13337
auto merge of #13865 : alexcrichton/rust/issue-13861, r=brson

Previously, windows was using the CREATE_NEW flag which fails if the file
previously existed, which differed from the unix semantics. This alters the
opening to use the OPEN_ALWAYS flag to mirror the unix semantics.

Closes #13861
Update minimum g++ version in documentation

Version changed due to a newer requirement in LLVM.
auto merge of #13924 : gmjosack/rust/master, r=alexcrichton

Most of the links I've removed are for types that don't exist anymore with the exception of `SendReceiver` though I'm not sure how useful it is to link to that without the accompanying `Receiver` and `Sender` and I don't know how useful those links are when they're discussed below and `channel`/`sync_channel` is on the `std::comm` page already linked.
Register new snapshots
auto merge of #13930 : alexcrichton/rust/snapshots, r=huonw

cc @pcwalton and @flaper87, this has box expressions and opt-in builtin kinds.
auto merge of #13936 : Armavica/rust/lint_check-range, r=kballard

Some cases were not correctly handled by this lint, for instance `let a = 42u8; a < 0` and `let a = 42u8; a > 255`.
It led to the discovery of two useless comparisons, which I removed.
auto merge of #13942 : JamesLaverack/rust/master, r=luqmana

Version changed due to a newer requirement in LLVM.
Placate rustdocs testable-by-default code blocks.
auto merge of #13749 : pnkfelix/rust/add-libgraphviz-crate, r=alexcrichton

Add a `graphviz` crate for making .dot files to layout and render graphs.

(This is a precursor to other work to render control-flow graphs from within rustc itself; but this crate should be independently usable, since it abstracts over the client's graph-representation and labeling method.)
auto merge of #13935 : thestinger/rust/noalias, r=pcwalton

This was removed because these could alias with `&const T` or `@mut T`
and those are now gone from the language. There are still aliasing
issues within local scopes, but this is correct for function parameters.

This also removes the no-op `noalias` marker on proc (not a pointer) and
leaves out the mention of #6750 because real type-based alias analysis
is not within the scope of best effort usage of the `noalias` attribute.

Test case:

    pub fn foo(x: &mut &mut u32) {
        **x = 5;
        **x = 5;
    }

Before:

    define void @_ZN3foo20h0ce94c9671b0150bdaa4v0.0E(i32** nocapture readonly) unnamed_addr #0 {
    entry-block:
      %1 = load i32** %0, align 8
      store i32 5, i32* %1, align 4
      %2 = load i32** %0, align 8
      store i32 5, i32* %2, align 4
      ret void
    }

After:

    define void @_ZN3foo20h0ce94c9671b0150bdaa4v0.0E(i32** noalias nocapture readonly) unnamed_addr #0 {
    entry-block:
      %1 = load i32** %0, align 8
      store i32 5, i32* %1, align 4
      ret void
    }

Closes #12436