SHAMap performance (RIPD-434)

Commit from previous pull request with updates thanks to suggestions given in that pull requests. Updates and bugfixes to address the missing node bugs:

More separation between snapshot unsharing logic and modified node flushing logic.

Simplify descend* functions so that they no longer modify SHAMapNodeIDs. (They were too tricky to use because it wasn't clear which functions modified SHAMapNodeIDs and whether you were supposed to pass the parent or child ID.0


Yes. By default, it's the root.
If you think about it, there are two ways you would want to construct a node ID:
1) If it's the root of a new tree.
2) If it's the child of an existing node.
In the first case, you have no parameters.