cmd/cc, runtime: preserve C runtime type names in generated Go

uintptr or uint64 in the runtime C were turning into uint in the Go,
bool was turning into uint8, and so on. Fix that.

Also delete Go wrappers for C functions.
The C functions can be called directly now
(but still eventually need to be converted to Go).

LGTM=bradfitz, minux, iant
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, iant, minux
CC=golang-codereviews, khr, r
https://codereview.appspot.com/138740043