PERF: StataReader is slow due to excessive lookups for missing vales

Previous versions of StataReader did not correctly check for missing values.
This was fixed in a previous PR, but these checks had previously been
implemented on a value-by-value basis.  This has now been changed to a
vectorized version that is orders of magnitude faster.

Additionally, a benchmark was added to monitor performance issues in the
future.

Closes #8040
If you want to add a small example / doc section in io.rst for the ``convert_missing`` ok (could be here or another PR). If you think its worthwhile.