test: use catalog.json to define schema

Groonga can't detect index source change without restart a process
that already opens a Groonga database.

In Droonga, worker processes opens their database and server process
defines tables and columns in the database by table_create and
column_create. So worker processes can't detect index source change by
server process. If we use catalog.json to define tables and columns,
server process defines them and then worker processes run and open the
database. So worker processes can know the latest index source.

We need more work about them. There are some tests that face the case.
See test results on Travis CI.