Introduce the concept of a middleware stack

In order to make PB more extensible, this introduces the concept of a middleware stack. Building off of #144, the middleware stack is invoked from the server and terminates at the dispatcher.

Add an env object used to pass stuff to/from the middleware:

- Use it in the dispatcher store the response and return it instead
- Use it in the server module to access stats, set the request, and
  process the response

// @localshred @abrandoned @brianstien @devin-c