test(e2e): add end-to-end tests using ProtractorDart

https://pub.dartlang.org/packages/protractor
chore(scripts): fix detection of DART_SDK/DART/DARTIUM

Sets the stage to get rid of obsolete DARTSDK.
chore(pubspec): require newer protractor to support dart 1.6.0-dev.0.0
test(introspection): work around issue 1219

Ref: #1219