Added engine for Stan

A do-over of pull request #902 

I added an engine for Stan models. It uses the rstan package, but loads it using getFromNamespace so it doesn't need to be indicated in suggests. This engine behaves similarly to the Rcpp engine in that it creates an object in the knitr environment. The engine takes the contents of the chunk, passes them to rstan::stan_model in order to compile the model, and then assigns the resulting stanmodel object to opts$x.
Please take a look at the Travis CI results: https://travis-ci.org/yihui/knitr/builds/42366043 You can obtain the link on the green check mark on your commit. I think here `model_name` should be `opts$model_name`.