core: Put stability attributes all over the slice module

Much of this is as discussed[1]. Many things are marked

[1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/meeting-minutes/blob/master/Meeting-API-review-2014-08-06.md
core: Change the argument order on splitn and rsplitn for strs.

This makes it consistent with the same functions for slices,
and allows the search closure to be specified last.

[breaking-change]
Address some review feedback