core: public_send vs send when merging configs

This fixes the problem when config keys collide with Kernel/Object
methods (private). An example is `exec` which is used in vagrant-exec
plugin.

Compare:

> old.send :exec
ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (0 for 1+)
> old.public_send :exec
=> #<Vagrant::Config::V2::DummyConfig:0x007fe212cc05c8>
Merge pull request #3670 from p0deje/public_send

core: public_send vs send when merging configs