cmd/cc, runtime: convert C compilers to use Go calling convention

To date, the C compilers and Go compilers differed only in how
values were returned from functions. This made it difficult to call
Go from C or C from Go if return values were involved. It also made
assembly called from Go and assembly called from C different.

This CL changes the C compiler to use the Go conventions, passing
results on the stack, after the arguments.
[Exception: this does not apply to C ... functions, because you can't
know where on the stack the arguments end.]

By doing this, the CL makes it possible to rewrite C functions into Go
one at a time, without worrying about which languages call that
function or which languages it calls.

This CL also updates all the assembly files in package runtime to use
the new conventions. Argument references of the form 40(SP) have
been rewritten to the form name+10(FP) instead, and there are now
Go func prototypes for every assembly function called from C or Go.
This means that 'go vet runtime' checks effectively every assembly
function, and go vet's output was used to automate the bulk of the
conversion.

Some functions, like seek and nsec on Plan 9, needed to be rewritten.

Many assembly routines called from C were reading arguments
incorrectly, using MOVL instead of MOVQ or vice versa, especially on
the less used systems like openbsd.
These were found by go vet and have been corrected too.
If we're lucky, this may reduce flakiness on those systems.

Tested on:
        darwin/386
        darwin/amd64
        linux/arm
        linux/386
        linux/amd64
If this breaks another system, the bug is almost certainly in the
sys_$GOOS_$GOARCH.s file, since the rest of the CL is tested
by the combination of the above systems.

LGTM=dvyukov, iant
R=golang-codereviews, 0intro, dave, alex.brainman, dvyukov, iant
CC=golang-codereviews, josharian, r
https://codereview.appspot.com/135830043