SIP-14 improvements

Add missing canonical combinators:
  `def transform[S](f: Try[T] => Try[S])(implicit executor: ExecutionContext): Future[S]`
  `def transformWith[S](f: Try[T] => Future[S])(implicit executor: ExecutionContext): Future[S]`
  `def flatten[S](implicit ev: T <:< Future[S]): Future[S]`

Add missing utilities:
  `val unit: Future[Unit]` in `object Future`
  `val never: Future[Nothing]` in `object Future`

Refactors:
  the scala.concurrent.Future trait to not explicit create any Promises,
  so that implementations can control implementation type,
  this is mainly facilitated through adding of the `transform` and `transformWith` methods.
  the implementation of ExecutionContextImpl has been cleaned up

Securing:
  Add a self-check in completeWith and tryCompleteWith to avoid cycles in trait Promise
  Capping the maximum number of Threads for the global ExecutionContext to the max parallelism
  Implementing (almost) all `Future` combinators on `transformWith` and `transform` means
  that DefaultPromise linking works on both (flat)map and recover(With)

Removes:
  the private internalExecutor method in favor of an import in trait Future
  the private internalExecutor method in favor of an import in trait Promise
  the AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater in AbstractPromise since we're using Unsafe
  scala.concurrent.impl.Future is no longer needed

Deprecates:
  Future.onSuccess - discourage the use of callbacks
                     (and is also redundant considering `foreach` and `onComplete`)
  Future.onFailure - discourage the use of callbacks
                     (and is also redundant considering `onComplete` and `failed.foreach`)
  ExecutionContext.prepare - it was ill specced and it is too easy to forget to call it
                     (or even know when to call it or call it more times than needed)

Reimplements:
  failed - in terms of `transform`
  map - in terms of `transform`
  flatMap - in terms of `transformWith`
  recover - in terms of `transform`
  recoverWith - in terms of `transformWith`
  zip - in terms of `flatMap` + `map`
  fallbackTo - in terms of `recoverWith` + `recoverWith`
  andThen - in terms of `transform`

  Documentation:
    Almost all methods on Future and Promise have been revisited and had their ScalaDoc updated

  Tests:
      Yes
hi @viktorklang 

yes I see this. It is quite the same as what I first used to capture the MDC context.

But I do not think it helps when using an Akka Dispatcher.
In my opinion, the Akka Dispatcher should have another method like `prepareNewExecutionContext`.
We could override this method to return an EC extension, like the one you wrote.