(PUP-2950) Fix: ensure that default layer is used when the user has not provided a layer

Without this patch,

```
      unless diagnostics.errors?
        @layering_config   = data['layers'] or default_layers
        @scheme_extensions = (data['extensions'] and
                  data['extensions']['scheme_handlers'] or
                  default_scheme_extensions)
      else
        @layering_config = []
        @scheme_extensions = {}
      end
```
This would have resulted in @layering_config not being assigned a value if no
layers was set. This is clearly not intented. This patch updates the behavior
so that `@layering_config` is assigned default_layers instead
(by changing `or` to `||`)

This commit also adds test cases to verify that this case is caught. Adding the
test case also highlighted that the constant CONFIG_CATEGORIES_MISSING was
undefined, causing the test to fail. This commit also defines
CONFIG_CATEGORIES_MISSING
(PUP-2950) enabling rubocop Style/AndOr cop in pops directory

This commits enables `AndOr` cop only in lib/puppet/pops directory. This cop
bans the use of `and` and `or` keywords in favor of `&&` and `||`. We have
chosen this directory as a test case to evaluate the utility of enabling
`AndOr` on the complete codebase. We inherit from the base rubocop file, so all
the other cops remain enabled. At a future date, when `AndOr` is enabled
systemwide, this file may be removed (if no other specialization exists on pops
directory).

It changes all code that uses `and` and `or` keywords to use `&&` and
`||`  instead. Note that this commit only fixes the lib/puppet/pops directory.
Merge pull request #2892 from vrthra/rubocop/puppet-4/andor-fix

(PUP-2950) rubocop - Style/AndOR enabled for pops