Add programmable reference overrides

If a user provides a ReferenceOverride function, then reference ids
will be passed to the given ReferenceOverride function first, before
consulting the generated reference table.

The goal here is to enable programmable support for
"WikiWords"-style identifiers or other application-specific
user-generated keywords.

Example, writing documentation:

 The [Frobnosticator][] is a very important class in our codebase.
 While it is used to frobnosticate widgets in general, it can also
 be passed to the [WeeDoodler][] to interesting effect.

This might be solveable with the HTML Renderer relative prefix, but
I didn't see a good way of making a short link to 'Frobnosticator'
relatively without having to write it twice. Maybe
'<Frobnosticator>' should work? Should Autolinks work for relative
links?

In addition, I wanted a little more richness. I plan to support
Godoc links by prefixing references with a '!', like so:

  Check out the [Frobnosticator][] helper function
  [!util.Frobnosticate()][]

The first link links to the Frobnosticator architectural overview
documentation, whereas the second links to Godoc.

Better advice on how to implement this sort of think with
Blackfriday is highly desired.