C++ Improvements

- Added a section on references
- Cleaned up and rephrased comments
- Removed old and erroneous information
- Normalized indentation to four spaces
- Normalized style to "Stroustrup style"  (http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq2.html#layout-style)

In the near future I plan on additional sections covering idiomatic use, such as RAII and C++11 paradigms.
I am quoting [Bjarne Stroustrup's presentation at Lang.NEXT2014](http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Lang-NEXT/Lang-NEXT-2014/Keynote). These are the design goals claimed by the language's creator. To what extent C++ accomplished them is another matter.