Fix orphan checking (cc #19470). (This is not a complete fix of #19470 because
of the backwards compatibility feature gate.)

This is a [breaking-change]. The new rules require that, for an impl of a trait defined
in some other crate, two conditions must hold:

1. Some type must be local.
2. Every type parameter must appear "under" some local type.

Here are some examples that are legal:

```rust
struct MyStruct<T> { ... }

// Here `T` appears "under' `MyStruct`.
impl<T> Clone for MyStruct<T> { }

// Here `T` appears "under' `MyStruct` as well. Note that it also appears
// elsewhere.
impl<T> Iterator<T> for MyStruct<T> { }
```

Here is an illegal example:

```rust
// Here `U` does not appear "under" `MyStruct` or any other local type.
// We call `U` "uncovered".
impl<T,U> Iterator<U> for MyStruct<T> { }
```

There are a couple of ways to rewrite this last example so that it is
legal:

1. In some cases, the uncovered type parameter (here, `U`) should be converted
   into an associated type. This is however a non-local change that requires access
   to the original trait. Also, associated types are not fully baked.
2. Add `U` as a type parameter of `MyStruct`:
   ```rust
   struct MyStruct<T,U> { ... }
   impl<T,U> Iterator<U> for MyStruct<T,U> { }
   ```
3. Create a newtype wrapper for `U`
   ```rust
   impl<T,U> Iterator<Wrapper<U>> for MyStruct<T,U> { }
   ```

Because associated types are not fully baked, which in the case of the
`Hash` trait makes adhering to this rule impossible, you can
temporarily disable this rule in your crate by using
`#![feature(old_orphan_check)]`. Note that the `old_orphan_check`
feature will be removed before 1.0 is released.