Added a new colorpicker to the site

Fixes #1645
Fixes #1493 pt. 1

I added a new colorpicker to the site. It's currently stored on my Github, but it's super easy to move here if I need to. It's made as a Ruby asset gem.  Tell me where y'all want it - also, it needs a name.  Also, it has all the things that needed to be fixed in the old pull request.

This new colorpicker fixes several issues present in the old colorpicker:

* It doesn't close as soon as you pick a color on the map vis
* It doesn't create itself as a child of the root element
* It doesn't create multiple copies of itself when you select multiple colors
* It doesn't hide itself by setting it's left and top coordinates to an extremely large negative number
* It doesn't cause dramatic page slowdowns after using it several times

It's written in JS and CSS instead of to reduce the number of dependencies. I can rewrite it in a day in the required languages if it is desired.

Also, the old colorpicker's everything broke sometime around the CSS maul, so it was useless anyway.

EDIT:

Also had to do the following in this pull request:

* The colorpicker now has basic testing to ensure the files are loaded properly
* Rails was updated from 4.0.8 to 4.1.4 to support the above change
* Minitest was updated from 4.0 to 5.4 because it had to be
* Rubocop was updated from 0.23.0 to 0.24.1
* CKEditor was updated from 4.0.11 to 4.1
* Other gems were also updated
* Lots of Rubocop fixes
* Lots of changes to account for minor API changes
* The old method of creating new Roo objects was deprecated, that had to be updated
* Turn has not been updated for some time and the new version of Rails/Minitest broke Turn