[SPARK-2059][SQL] Add analysis checks

This replaces #1263 with a test case.

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>
Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #1265 from rxin/sql-analysis-error and squashes the following commits:

a639e01 [Reynold Xin] Added a test case for unresolved attribute analysis.
7371e1b [Reynold Xin] Merge pull request #1263 from marmbrus/analysisChecks
448c088 [Michael Armbrust] Add analysis checks