added basic user authorization

@RichardBlair 
Updated routing, controllers, and views in adding user authentication to dickbook to match Rails 4.1.1 standards utilizing information from the following resources:

http://railscasts.com/episodes/250-authentication-from-scratch
https://github.com/rails/strong_parameters
and, of course, advice from https://github.com/RichardBlair
`User#authenticate` can either return nil or a user. So you need a test for each case.