Make filter scaling geometric

According to section 4.1 of
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020019006003127, we
can and should scale the size of the filters (orthogonally to the
requirements for false positive probability), by a factor of 2-4. This
adds scaling by a factor of 2--each additional filter has twice the
capacity of the previous one.
Add a 5th argument for expire time (redis EXPIRE)
Add check-add command: atomic check+add
Add layer-check-add: atomic layered check+add
Add composer.json
Fix top layer return; use KEYS

Returning "0" when someone's already in the top layer is misleading,
it's better to just return the top layer index.

Also: Access the base key argument as KEYS not ARGV.
f layer-check-add
f ttl