ENH: look for index columns in row after header

Closes #6893.

Currently the Python parser can read data with the index columns specified on the first line after the header, e.g.

```python
In [3]: pd.__version__
Out[3]: '0.14.0-271-gf8b101c'

In [4]: text = """                      A       B       C       D        E
one two three   four
a   b   10.0032 5    -0.5109 -2.3358 -0.4645  0.05076  0.3640
a   q   20      4     0.4473  1.4152  0.2834  1.00661  0.1744
x   q   30      3    -0.6662 -0.5243 -0.3580  0.89145  2.5838"""

In [5]: pd.read_table(StringIO(text), sep='\s+', engine='python')
Out[5]: 
                           A       B       C        D       E
one two three   four                                         
a   b   10.0032 5    -0.5109 -2.3358 -0.4645  0.05076  0.3640
    q   20.0000 4     0.4473  1.4152  0.2834  1.00661  0.1744
x   q   30.0000 3    -0.6662 -0.5243 -0.3580  0.89145  2.5838
```

but the C parser fails:

```python
In [6]: pd.read_table(StringIO(text), sep='\s+', engine='c')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CParserError                              Traceback (most recent call last)
. . .
CParserError: Error tokenizing data. C error: Expected 5 fields in line 3, saw 9
```

This PR patches the C parser to enable this feature.

If index columns aren't specified by the user, ask the parser whether they were found in the input.